Swollen legs and feet are a common issue that can result from a variety of underlying causes. While some causes are relatively benign and easy to manage, others can indicate serious health problems that require medical attention. Understanding the reasons behind your swelling can help you take the necessary steps to address the issue and improve your overall health.
1. Venous Insufficiency
Venous insufficiency is one of the leading causes of swollen legs and feet. This condition occurs when the veins in your legs have difficulty sending blood back to your heart. Normally, valves in your veins keep blood flowing in the right direction, but when these valves become weak or damaged, blood can pool in the legs. This leads to swelling, often accompanied by aching, throbbing, and a feeling of heaviness in the legs. Chronic venous insufficiency can also result in varicose veins and skin changes around the ankles.
Ageing, obesity, prolonged standing or sitting, and a history of blood clots are factors contributing to venous insufficiency. If left untreated, it can lead to more severe complications, such as skin ulcers and infections.
2. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is another serious condition that can cause swelling in the legs. DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, typically in the lower leg or thigh. This clot can block blood flow, leading to swelling, pain, and redness in the affected leg. DVT is a medical emergency because if the clot breaks free, it can travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism, which can be life-threatening.
Risk factors for DVT include prolonged immobility (such as during long flights or car rides), surgery, certain medications, smoking, and medical conditions that affect blood clotting. If you suspect you have DVT, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications.
3. Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a common cause of swollen legs and feet, especially in the later stages. During pregnancy, the body produces more blood and bodily fluids to support the developing baby. This increase in fluid, combined with the pressure from the growing uterus, can lead to swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet. Hormonal changes during pregnancy also contribute to fluid retention.
4. Standing or Sitting for Long Periods
Prolonged periods of standing or sitting can lead to swollen legs and feet due to reduced circulation and increased pressure in the veins. People with jobs requiring long hours of standing or sitting, such as retail workers, office employees, and frequent travellers, are particularly at risk. When you stand or sit for long periods, your muscles do not contract as much to help blood return to your heart, which can cause blood to pool in your legs and feet.
Take regular breaks to move around and stretch your legs to alleviate swelling from prolonged standing or sitting. Elevating your legs when possible and wearing compression stockings can also help improve circulation and reduce swelling.
5. Kidney or Liver Disease
Kidney or liver disease can cause fluid retention and swelling in the legs and feet. The kidneys play a crucial role in removing excess fluid and waste from the body. When they are not functioning properly, fluid can build up in the body, leading to swelling. Symptoms of kidney disease may include changes in urination patterns, fatigue, and nausea.
Similarly, liver disease can cause fluid to accumulate in the abdomen and lower extremities. The liver is responsible for producing proteins that help regulate fluid balance in the body. When liver function is impaired, it can lead to fluid retention and swelling. Other signs of liver disease include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, and fatigue.
Venous Insufficiency Treatment for Swollen Legs and Feet
Swollen legs and feet can significantly impact your quality of life, and identifying the underlying cause is important for effective treatment. Addressing the root cause can help alleviate your symptoms and prevent complications.
Dr. Desmond Ooi is a specialist in vascular surgery, focusing on venous insufficiency. With his expertise, Dr. Ooi can provide a comprehensive evaluation and develop a personalised treatment plan to address your specific needs. Don't let swollen legs and feet disrupt your life. Schedule an appointment with Dr. Desmond Ooi today.
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